As evaluated in
IARC Monographs
Volumes 1-99
This list contains all agents evaluated as being in Group
2A to date.
Where appropriate, chemical abstract numbers are given [in
squarebrackets]. For details of the evaluation, the relevant
Monographshould be consulted (volume number given in round
brackets, followed by year of publication of latest evaluation).
Use a free-text search to find a particular compound.
Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans (66)
Agents and groups of agents
Acrylamide [79-06-1] (Vol. 60; 1994)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Adriamycin [23214-92-8] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Androgenic (anabolic) steroids (Suppl. 7; 1987)
Aristolochic acids (naturally occurring mixtures of)
(Vol. 82; 2002)
Azacitidine [320-67-2] (Vol. 50; 1990)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU) [154-93-8] (Vol. 26,
Suppl.7; 1987)
Captafol [2425-06-1] (Vol. 53; 1991)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Chloramphenicol [56-75-7] (Vol. 50; 1990)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
a-Chlorinated toluenes (benzal
chloride [98-87-3], benzotrichloride [98-07-7], benzyl
chloride [100-44-7]) and benzoyl chloride [98-88-4] (combined
exposures) (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) [13010-47-4](Vol.
26, Suppl. 7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
4-Chloro-ortho-toluidine [95-69-2] (Vol. 77, Vol.
99; in preparation)
Chlorozotocin [54749-90-5] (Vol. 50; 1990)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Cisplatin [15663-27-1] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Clonorchis sinensis (infection with) (Vol. 61;
1994)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Cyclopenta[cd]pyrene [27208-37-3] (Vol. 32, Suppl.
7, Vol. 92; in preparation)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene [53-70-3] (Vol. 32, Suppl.
7, Vol. 92; in preparation)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene [191-30-0] (Vol. 32,
Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Diethyl sulfate [64-67-5] (Vol. 54, Vol. 71; 1999)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride [79-44-7] (Vol. 12, Suppl.
7, Vol. 71; 1999)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine [540-73-8] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol.
71; 1999)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Dimethyl sulfate [77-78-1] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71;
1999)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Epichlorohydrin [106-89-8] (Vol. 11, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71;
1999)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Ethyl carbamate (urethane) [51-79-6] (Vol. 7, Suppl.
7, Vol. 96; in preparation)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A based on
mechanistic and other relevant data)
Ethylene dibromide [106-93-4] (Vol. 15, Suppl. 7, Vol.
71; 1999)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea [759-73-9] (Vol.
17, Suppl.7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Etoposide [33419-42-0] (Vol. 76; 2000)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Glycidol [556-52-5] (Vol. 77; 2000)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Indium phosphide [22398-80-7] (Vol. 86; 2006)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A)
IQ (2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) [76180-96-6]
(Vol. 56; 1993)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (Vol.
70; 1997)
Lead compounds, inorganic (Vol. 87; 2006)
5-Methoxypsoralen [484-20-8] (Vol. 40, Suppl. 7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Methyl methanesulfonate [66-27-3] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7,
Vol. 71; 1999)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)
[70-25-7] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea [684-93-5] (Vol.
17, Suppl.7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Nitrate or nitrite (ingested) under conditions that result
in endogenous nitrosation (Vol. 94; in preparation)
Nitrogen mustard [51-75-2] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7; 1987)
N-Nitrosodiethylamine [55-18-5] (Vol. 17, Suppl.
7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
N-Nitrosodimethylamine [62-75-9] (Vol. 17, Suppl.
7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Phenacetin [62-44-2] (Vol. 24, Suppl. 7; 1987)
Procarbazine hydrochloride [366-70-1] (Vol. 26, Suppl.
7; 1987)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Styrene-7,8-oxide [96-09-3] (Vol. 60; 1994)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Teniposide [29767-20-2] (Vol. 76; 2000)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Tetrachloroethylene [127-18-4] (Vol. 63; 1995)
Trichloroethylene [79-01-6] (Vol. 63; 1995)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane [96-18-4] (Vol. 63; 1995)
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate [126-72-7] (Vol. 20,
Suppl. 7, Vol. 71;1999)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Ultraviolet radiation A (Vol. 55; 1992)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Ultraviolet radiation B (Vol. 55; 1992)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
Ultraviolet radiation C (Vol. 55; 1992)
(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting
evidence from other relevant data)
[Urethane: see Ethyl carbamate]
Vinyl bromide [593-60-2] (Vol. 39, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71,
Vol. 97; in preparation)
(NB: (1) Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A based
on mechanistic and other relevant data;
(2) For practical purposes, vinyl bromide should be considered
to act similarly to the human carcinogen vinyl chloride.)
Vinyl fluoride [75-02-5] (Vol. 63, Vol. 97; in preparation)
(NB: (1) Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A based
on mechanistic and other relevant data;
(2) For practical purposes, vinyl fluoride should be considered
to act similarly to the human carcinogen vinyl chloride.)
Mixtures
Creosotes [8001-58-9] (Vol. 35, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in
preparation)
Diesel engine exhaust (Vol. 46; 1989)
High-temperature frying, emissions from (Vol. 95; in
preparation)
Hot mate (Vol. 51; 1991)
Household combustion of biomass fuel (primarily wood),
indoor emissions from (Vol. 95; in preparation)
Non-arsenical insecticides (occupational exposures in
spraying and application of) (Vol. 53; 1991)
Polychlorinated biphenyls [1336-36-3] (Vol. 18, Suppl.
7; 1987)
Exposure circumstances
Art glass, glass containers and pressed ware (manufacture
of) (Vol. 58; 1993)
Carbon electrode manufacture (Vol. 92; in preparation)
Cobalt metal with tungsten carbide (Vol. 86; 2006)
Hairdresser or barber (occupational exposure as a) (Vol.
57, Vol. 99; in preparation)
Petroleum refining (occupational exposures in) (Vol.
45; 1989)
Shiftwork that involves circadian disruption (Vol. 98;
in preparation)
Sunlamps and sunbeds (use of) (Vol. 55; 1992)
Last updated: 28 March 2008
