This section is a summary of data presented in the preceding
sections. Summaries can be found on the Monographs
programme website (http://monographs.iarc.fr).
(a) Exposure data
Data are summarized, as appropriate, on the basis of
elements such as production, use, occurrence and exposure
levels in the workplace and environment and measurements
in human tissues and body fluids. Quantitative data and
time trends are given to compare exposures in different
occupations and environmental settings. Exposure to biological
agents is described in terms of transmission, prevalence
and persistence of infection.
(b) Cancer in humans
Results of epidemiological studies pertinent to an assessment
of human carcinogenicity are summarized. When relevant,
case reports and correlation studies are also summarized.
The target organ(s) or tissue(s) in which an increase
in cancer was observed is identified. Dose-response and
other quantitative data may be summarized when available.
(c) Cancer in experimental animals
Data relevant to an evaluation of carcinogenicity in
animals are summarized. For each animal species, study
design and route of administration, it is stated whether
an increased incidence, reduced latency, or increased
severity or multiplicity of neoplasms or preneoplastic
lesions were observed, and the tumour sites are indicated.
If the agent produced tumours after prenatal exposure
or in single-dose experiments, this is also mentioned.
Negative findings, inverse relationships, dose-response
and other quantitative data are also summarized.
(d) Mechanistic and other relevant data
Data relevant to the toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution,
metabolism, elimination) and the possible mechanism(s)
of carcinogenesis (e.g. genetic toxicity, epigenetic effects)
are summarized. In addition, information on susceptible
individuals, populations and life-stages is summarized.
This section also reports on other toxic effects, including
reproductive and developmental effects, as well as additional
relevant data that are considered to be important.
Posted 23 January 2006
