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IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans

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The IARC Monographs identify environmental factors that can increase the risk of human cancer. These include chemicals, complex mixtures, occupational exposures, physical agents, biological agents, and lifestyle factors. National health agencies can use this information as scientific support for their actions to prevent exposure to potential carcinogens.

Interdisciplinary working groups of expert scientists review the published studies and evaluate the weight of the evidence that an agent can increase the risk of cancer. The principles, procedures, and scientific criteria that guide the evaluations are described in the Preamble to the IARC Monographs.

Since 1971, more than 1000 agents have been evaluated, of which more than 400 have been identified as carcinogenic, probably carcinogenic, or possibly carcinogenic to humans.

For answers to commonly asked questions on the evaluation process, read the IARC Monographs Q&A.

The IARC Monographs have received funding from:
  • United States National Cancer Institute (Cooperative Agreement 5-U01-CA33193)
  • United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
  • European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs, and Inclusion (initially from the Unit of Health, Safety and Hygiene at Work, and since 2014 from the European Union Programme for Employment and Social Innovation, EaSI)

Monographs News

Volume 115: Some Industrial Chemicals

24 April 2018 We are pleased to announce that Volume 115 of the IARC Monographs is now available online. This volume includes monographs on 1-bromopropane, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 3-chloro-2-methylpropene, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, hydrazine, and tetrabromobisphenol A.

Volume 121: Styrene, Styrene-7,8-oxide, and Quinoline

18 April 2018 A summary of the evaluations has now been published in The Lancet Oncology: article; PDF.

Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens

3 April 2018 We are pleased to announce the publication of the article Application of the key characteristics of carcinogens in cancer hazard identification (Guyton et al., 2018).

Volume 114: Red Meat and Processed Meat

29 March 2018 We are pleased to announce that Volume 114 of the IARC Monographs is now available online.

Advisory Group to Recommend an Update to the Preamble

2 February 2018 In 2018, IARC will amend the Preamble to the IARC Monographs. The Preamble describes the principles and procedures used in developing IARC Monographs, including the scientific criteria that guide the evaluations. The Preamble is periodically updated. The objective is to reflect scientific developments and procedural changes that have occurred since the Preamble was last amended in 2006. For details, please see Upcoming Meetings.

Volume 113: DDT, Lindane, and 2,4-D

22 December 2017 We are pleased to announce that Volume 113 of the IARC Monographs is now available in its entirety online.

Volume 120: Benzene

27 October 2017 A summary of the evaluations has now been published in The Lancet Oncology: article; PDF.

Meeting 122: "Isobutyl Nitrite, β-Picoline, and Some Acrylates" is announced.
Lyon, 5–12 June 2018

Meeting 123: "Some Nitrobenzenes and Other Industrial Chemicals" is announced.
Lyon, 9–16 October 2018

IARC Monographs List of Classifications by Cancer Site

All News

Monographs Publications

IARC Monographs, Volume 100
Review of Human Carcinogens (Package of 6 volumes A,B,C,D,E,F)

25 June 2012 Volume 100 compiles information on tumour sites and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. About half of the agents classified in Group 1 were last reviewed more than 20 years ago, before mechanistic studies became prominent in evaluations of carcinogenicity. In addition, more recent epidemiological studies and animal cancer bioassays have demonstrated that many cancer hazards reported in earlier studies were later observed in other organs or through different exposure scenarios. Available at WHO Press

IARC Monographs,
Volume 109
Outdoor Air Pollution

IARC Monographs,
Volume 108
Some Drugs and Herbal Products

All Monographs
IARC Monographs, Volume 105
IARC Monographs, Volume 102
IARC Monographs, Volume 100B
IARC Monographs, Volume 99
IARC Monographs, Volume 96
IARC Handbooks
of Cancer Prevention
  • News
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                • Volumes 1-121
                  • Alphabetical order
                    • CAS® Registry Number order
                      • Cancer site
                  • Publications
                      • Monographs Online
                        • Volume 115
                          • Volume 114
                            • Volume 113
                              • Volume 112
                                • Volume 111
                                  • Volume 110
                                    • Volume 109
                                      • Section 1 Supplemental Table
                                        • Section 4 Supplemental Tables
                                          • Section 4 Supplemental Figures
                                          • Volume 108
                                            • Volume 107
                                              • Volume 106
                                                • Volume 105
                                                  • Volume 104
                                                    • Volume 103
                                                      • Volume 102
                                                        • Volume 101
                                                          • Volume 100F
                                                            • Supplementary Web Tables
                                                              • Dyes Metabolized to Benzidine
                                                                • 2-Naphthylamine
                                                                  • ortho-Toluidine
                                                                    • Auramine and Auramine Production
                                                                      • Magenta and Magenta Production
                                                                        • Coal Gasification
                                                                          • Coal-tar Pitch
                                                                            • Coke Production
                                                                              • Mineral Oils
                                                                                • Soot
                                                                                  • Occupational Exposures during Aluminium Production
                                                                                    • Aflatoxins
                                                                                      • Benzene
                                                                                        • Bis(chloromethyl)ether and Chloromethyl Methyl Ether
                                                                                          • 1,3-Butadiene
                                                                                            • 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, and PCB 126
                                                                                              • Ethylene Oxide
                                                                                                • Formaldehyde
                                                                                                  • Sulfur Mustard
                                                                                                    • Vinyl Chloride
                                                                                                      • Isopropyl Alcohol Manufacture by the Strong-acid Process
                                                                                                        • Mists from Strong Inorganic Acids
                                                                                                          • Occupational Exposures during Iron and Steel Founding
                                                                                                            • Occupational Exposure as a Painter
                                                                                                              • Occupational Exposure in the Rubber Manufacturing Industry
                                                                                                            • Volume 100E
                                                                                                              • Supplementary Web Tables
                                                                                                                • Tobacco Smoking
                                                                                                                  • Second-hand Tobacco Smoke
                                                                                                                    • Smokeless Tobacco
                                                                                                                      • Betel Quid and Areca Nut
                                                                                                                        • Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages
                                                                                                                          • Chinese-style Salted Fish
                                                                                                                            • Indoor Emissions from Household Combustion of Coal
                                                                                                                          • Volume 100D
                                                                                                                            • Supplementary Web Tables
                                                                                                                              • Solar and Ultraviolet Radiation
                                                                                                                                • X- and γ- Radiation
                                                                                                                                  • Internalized α-Particle Emitting Radionuclides
                                                                                                                                    • Internalized β-Particle Emitting Radionuclides
                                                                                                                                  • Volume 100C
                                                                                                                                    • Supplementary Web Tables
                                                                                                                                      • Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds
                                                                                                                                        • Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds
                                                                                                                                          • Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds
                                                                                                                                            • Chromium (VI) Compounds
                                                                                                                                              • Nickel and Nickel Compounds
                                                                                                                                                • Asbestos
                                                                                                                                                  • Erionite
                                                                                                                                                    • Silica Dust, Crystalline, in the form of Quartz or Cristobalite
                                                                                                                                                      • Wood Dust
                                                                                                                                                    • Volume 100B
                                                                                                                                                      • Supplementary Web Tables
                                                                                                                                                        • Epstein-Barr Virus
                                                                                                                                                          • Hepatitis B Virus
                                                                                                                                                            • Hepatitis C Virus
                                                                                                                                                              • Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus
                                                                                                                                                                • Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1
                                                                                                                                                                  • Human Papillomaviruses
                                                                                                                                                                    • Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1
                                                                                                                                                                      • Schistosoma Haematobium
                                                                                                                                                                        • Helicobacter Pylori
                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 100A
                                                                                                                                                                        • Supplementary Web Tables
                                                                                                                                                                          • MOPP
                                                                                                                                                                            • Tamoxifen
                                                                                                                                                                              • Diethylstilbestrol
                                                                                                                                                                                • Estrogen-only menopausal therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Combined estrogen?progestogen menopausal therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Combined estrogen?progestogen contraceptives
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Azathioprine
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Methoxsalen
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 99
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volume 98
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Volume 97
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Volume 96
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Volume 95
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume 94
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Volume 93
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Volume 92
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 91
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volume 90
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Volume 89
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Volume 88
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Volume 87
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume 86
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Volume 85
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Volume 84
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 83
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volume 82
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Volume 81
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Volume 80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Volume 79
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume 78
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Volume 77
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Volume 76
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 75
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volume 74
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Volume 73
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Volume 72
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Volume 71
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume 70
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Volume 69
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Volume 68
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 67
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volume 66
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Volume 65
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Volume 64
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Volume 63
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume 62
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Volume 61
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Volume 60
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 59
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volume 58
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Volume 57
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Volume 56
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Volume 55
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume 54
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Volume 53
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Volume 52
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 51
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volume 50
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Volume 49
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Volume 48
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Volume 47
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume 46
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Volume 45
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Volume 44
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Volume 43
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volumes 1 - 42
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Supplement No. 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Supplement No. 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Supplement No. 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Supplements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Supplement No. 1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Supplement No. 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Supplement No. 7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Related Publications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IARC Advisory Group Reports
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • IARC Scientific Publications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • No. 161
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • No. 147
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • No. 146
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • No. 140
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Ordering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Other Scientific Publications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • IARC Technical Publications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • No. 42
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • No. 39
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • No. 24
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Presentations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cumulative Cross Index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • List of Volumes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Corrigenda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Preamble
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Preamble to the IARC Monographs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • General Principles and Procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Scientific Review and Evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • References
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Amendment process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Previous Preamble
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Instructions for Authors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Staff
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